voidly
Data

Incident record · Bangladesh

Internet connectivity disruption in Bangladesh

Type
mixed
Status
active
Severity
critical
Inspect evidence Cite this incident

Source summary

IODA detected significant connectivity drop in Bangladesh. 5 critical alerts recorded. CenAlert confirms censorship activity.

Open incident JSON
Reported anomaly rate
1.6%

Source-defined signal; not a universal test-failure percentage.

Source measurement count
5

The record’s count can represent aggregate inputs or alerts.

Incident confidence
70%

A source score, not certainty of intentional censorship.

Linked evidence has its own count and confidence fields. These quantities are not interchangeable.

Follow the evidence

7 linked records.

Inspect the observation, the upstream claim and why it was linked.

Linked observation dates

7 dated · 0 without a verified timezone
IODA5 linked records
Censored Planet2 linked records
Mar 16, 2026 · 00:00 UTCMar 16, 2026 · 22:50 UTC

Each point is a linked record. Horizontal position shows observation time; stacking separates nearby points. The full records below provide the values. This is not a measured outage-duration chart.

Upstream claims are attributed to their source. Multiple records or source names do not by themselves establish independent corroboration.

IODA5 records · open evidence

outage · critical

ioda:alert:bgp:region:352:1773701400

IODA detected critical level outage for Khulna

Upstream claim · IODA
Signal value
0.011173
Signal baseline
358
Evidence confidence
65%
Link confidence
80%

Why it is linked: Same country and date, critical level IODA alert

Retrieved
2026-04-12 16:58:23.962327 · timezone unspecified
Open upstream source
Complete evidence record
{
  "asn": null,
  "blockingMethod": null,
  "confidence": 0.65,
  "continent": "Asia",
  "countryCode": "BD",
  "domain": null,
  "domainCategory": null,
  "id": 25887314,
  "kind": "alert",
  "linkConfidence": 0.8,
  "linkReason": "Same country and date, critical level IODA alert",
  "observedAt": "2026-03-16T22:50:00Z",
  "probeNodeId": null,
  "regionCode": "352",
  "retrievedAt": "2026-04-12T16:58:23.962327",
  "riskTier": 2,
  "signalBaseline": 358,
  "signalLevel": "critical",
  "signalType": "outage",
  "signalValue": 0.0111731843575419,
  "source": "ioda",
  "sourceRef": "ioda:alert:bgp:region:352:1773701400",
  "sourceUrl": "https://ioda.inetintel.cc.gatech.edu/country/BD",
  "unSubregion": "Southern Asia",
  "upstreamCause": null,
  "upstreamClaim": "IODA detected critical level outage for Khulna",
  "upstreamSeverity": "critical"
}

outage · critical

ioda:alert:bgp:region:357:1773698100

IODA detected critical level outage for Rangpur

Upstream claim · IODA
Signal value
0.013793
Signal baseline
145
Evidence confidence
65%
Link confidence
80%

Why it is linked: Same country and date, critical level IODA alert

Retrieved
2026-04-12 16:58:23.962327 · timezone unspecified
Open upstream source
Complete evidence record
{
  "asn": null,
  "blockingMethod": null,
  "confidence": 0.65,
  "continent": "Asia",
  "countryCode": "BD",
  "domain": null,
  "domainCategory": null,
  "id": 25887306,
  "kind": "alert",
  "linkConfidence": 0.8,
  "linkReason": "Same country and date, critical level IODA alert",
  "observedAt": "2026-03-16T21:55:00Z",
  "probeNodeId": null,
  "regionCode": "357",
  "retrievedAt": "2026-04-12T16:58:23.962327",
  "riskTier": 2,
  "signalBaseline": 145,
  "signalLevel": "critical",
  "signalType": "outage",
  "signalValue": 0.013793103448275862,
  "source": "ioda",
  "sourceRef": "ioda:alert:bgp:region:357:1773698100",
  "sourceUrl": "https://ioda.inetintel.cc.gatech.edu/country/BD",
  "unSubregion": "Southern Asia",
  "upstreamCause": null,
  "upstreamClaim": "IODA detected critical level outage for Rangpur",
  "upstreamSeverity": "critical"
}

outage · critical

ioda:alert:bgp:region:355:1773631500

IODA detected critical level outage for Sylhet

Upstream claim · IODA
Signal value
0.022388
Signal baseline
134
Evidence confidence
65%
Link confidence
80%

Why it is linked: Same country and date, critical level IODA alert

Retrieved
2026-04-12 16:58:23.962327 · timezone unspecified
Open upstream source
Complete evidence record
{
  "asn": null,
  "blockingMethod": null,
  "confidence": 0.65,
  "continent": "Asia",
  "countryCode": "BD",
  "domain": null,
  "domainCategory": null,
  "id": 25887189,
  "kind": "alert",
  "linkConfidence": 0.8,
  "linkReason": "Same country and date, critical level IODA alert",
  "observedAt": "2026-03-16T03:25:00Z",
  "probeNodeId": null,
  "regionCode": "355",
  "retrievedAt": "2026-04-12T16:58:23.962327",
  "riskTier": 2,
  "signalBaseline": 134,
  "signalLevel": "critical",
  "signalType": "outage",
  "signalValue": 0.022388059701492536,
  "source": "ioda",
  "sourceRef": "ioda:alert:bgp:region:355:1773631500",
  "sourceUrl": "https://ioda.inetintel.cc.gatech.edu/country/BD",
  "unSubregion": "Southern Asia",
  "upstreamCause": null,
  "upstreamClaim": "IODA detected critical level outage for Sylhet",
  "upstreamSeverity": "critical"
}

outage · critical

ioda:alert:bgp:region:355:1773627000

IODA detected critical level outage for Sylhet

Upstream claim · IODA
Signal value
0.022388
Signal baseline
134
Evidence confidence
65%
Link confidence
80%

Why it is linked: Same country and date, critical level IODA alert

Retrieved
2026-04-12 16:58:23.962327 · timezone unspecified
Open upstream source
Complete evidence record
{
  "asn": null,
  "blockingMethod": null,
  "confidence": 0.65,
  "continent": "Asia",
  "countryCode": "BD",
  "domain": null,
  "domainCategory": null,
  "id": 25887185,
  "kind": "alert",
  "linkConfidence": 0.8,
  "linkReason": "Same country and date, critical level IODA alert",
  "observedAt": "2026-03-16T02:10:00Z",
  "probeNodeId": null,
  "regionCode": "355",
  "retrievedAt": "2026-04-12T16:58:23.962327",
  "riskTier": 2,
  "signalBaseline": 134,
  "signalLevel": "critical",
  "signalType": "outage",
  "signalValue": 0.022388059701492536,
  "source": "ioda",
  "sourceRef": "ioda:alert:bgp:region:355:1773627000",
  "sourceUrl": "https://ioda.inetintel.cc.gatech.edu/country/BD",
  "unSubregion": "Southern Asia",
  "upstreamCause": null,
  "upstreamClaim": "IODA detected critical level outage for Sylhet",
  "upstreamSeverity": "critical"
}

outage · critical

ioda:alert:bgp:region:356:1773622800

IODA detected critical level outage for Rajshahi

Upstream claim · IODA
Signal value
0.010893
Signal baseline
459
Evidence confidence
65%
Link confidence
80%

Why it is linked: Same country and date, critical level IODA alert

Retrieved
2026-04-12 16:58:23.962327 · timezone unspecified
Open upstream source
Complete evidence record
{
  "asn": null,
  "blockingMethod": null,
  "confidence": 0.65,
  "continent": "Asia",
  "countryCode": "BD",
  "domain": null,
  "domainCategory": null,
  "id": 25887180,
  "kind": "alert",
  "linkConfidence": 0.8,
  "linkReason": "Same country and date, critical level IODA alert",
  "observedAt": "2026-03-16T01:00:00Z",
  "probeNodeId": null,
  "regionCode": "356",
  "retrievedAt": "2026-04-12T16:58:23.962327",
  "riskTier": 2,
  "signalBaseline": 459,
  "signalLevel": "critical",
  "signalType": "outage",
  "signalValue": 0.010893246187363835,
  "source": "ioda",
  "sourceRef": "ioda:alert:bgp:region:356:1773622800",
  "sourceUrl": "https://ioda.inetintel.cc.gatech.edu/country/BD",
  "unSubregion": "Southern Asia",
  "upstreamCause": null,
  "upstreamClaim": "IODA detected critical level outage for Rajshahi",
  "upstreamSeverity": "critical"
}
Censored Planet2 records · open evidence

http-blocking-timeout · elevated

censoredplanet:hyperquack:HTTP:BD:medium.com:2026-03-16

HTTP blocking (timeout): 4/7 probes blocked (57.1%) for medium.com

Upstream claim · Censored Planet
Signal value
0.571429
Signal baseline
Unavailable
Evidence confidence
82.1%
Link confidence
80%

Why it is linked: CenAlert event for same country and date range

Domain
medium.com
Retrieved
Mar 17, 2026 · 15:47 UTC
Open upstream source
Complete evidence record
{
  "asn": 135411,
  "blockingMethod": null,
  "confidence": 0.8214285714285714,
  "continent": "Asia",
  "countryCode": "BD",
  "domain": "medium.com",
  "domainCategory": "NEWS",
  "id": 13400683,
  "kind": "http-probe",
  "linkConfidence": 0.8,
  "linkReason": "CenAlert event for same country and date range",
  "observedAt": "2026-03-16T00:00:00Z",
  "probeNodeId": null,
  "regionCode": null,
  "retrievedAt": "2026-03-17T15:47:00.908331Z",
  "riskTier": 2,
  "signalBaseline": null,
  "signalLevel": "elevated",
  "signalType": "http-blocking-timeout",
  "signalValue": 0.5714285714285714,
  "source": "censoredplanet",
  "sourceRef": "censoredplanet:hyperquack:HTTP:BD:medium.com:2026-03-16",
  "sourceUrl": "https://data.censoredplanet.org",
  "unSubregion": "Southern Asia",
  "upstreamCause": null,
  "upstreamClaim": "HTTP blocking (timeout): 4/7 probes blocked (57.1%) for medium.com",
  "upstreamSeverity": null
}

http-blocking-timeout · elevated

censoredplanet:hyperquack:HTTP:BD:reddit.com:2026-03-16

HTTP blocking (timeout): 4/7 probes blocked (57.1%) for reddit.com

Upstream claim · Censored Planet
Signal value
0.571429
Signal baseline
Unavailable
Evidence confidence
82.1%
Link confidence
80%

Why it is linked: CenAlert event for same country and date range

Domain
reddit.com
Retrieved
Mar 17, 2026 · 15:47 UTC
Open upstream source
Complete evidence record
{
  "asn": 135411,
  "blockingMethod": null,
  "confidence": 0.8214285714285714,
  "continent": "Asia",
  "countryCode": "BD",
  "domain": "reddit.com",
  "domainCategory": "GRP",
  "id": 13400692,
  "kind": "http-probe",
  "linkConfidence": 0.8,
  "linkReason": "CenAlert event for same country and date range",
  "observedAt": "2026-03-16T00:00:00Z",
  "probeNodeId": null,
  "regionCode": null,
  "retrievedAt": "2026-03-17T15:47:00.908331Z",
  "riskTier": 2,
  "signalBaseline": null,
  "signalLevel": "elevated",
  "signalType": "http-blocking-timeout",
  "signalValue": 0.5714285714285714,
  "source": "censoredplanet",
  "sourceRef": "censoredplanet:hyperquack:HTTP:BD:reddit.com:2026-03-16",
  "sourceUrl": "https://data.censoredplanet.org",
  "unSubregion": "Southern Asia",
  "upstreamCause": null,
  "upstreamClaim": "HTTP blocking (timeout): 4/7 probes blocked (57.1%) for reddit.com",
  "upstreamSeverity": null
}
Source-reported corroboration

The source’s corroboration assessment is separate from incident confidence and evidence-link confidence. Inspect its source list, count and description.

{
  "description": "Corroborated by 2 sources: censoredplanet, ioda",
  "evidenceCount": 7,
  "level": "medium",
  "score": 0.8,
  "sourceCount": 2,
  "sources": [
    "censoredplanet",
    "ioda"
  ]
}

Declared incident sources: IODA · Censored Planet.

Scope and attribution

What the record names.

Methodology

Affected services

MediumTwitter/X

Incident mechanism

Infrastructure outage

Individual evidence may carry more specific methods. Those do not automatically describe the entire incident.

Affected domains · 2

Domains named by the source record. Each link opens country-specific OONI measurements; a named domain is not a blanket national-block verdict.

medium.comreddit.com
Networks and evidence attribution

ASNs named by this source record: AS135411.

This aggregate describes fields literally present in linked evidence. It does not identify who caused an event or prove intent.

{
  "asns_attributed": 2,
  "domains_attributed": 2,
  "methods": [
    {
      "evidence_count": 5,
      "method": "outage"
    },
    {
      "evidence_count": 2,
      "method": "http-blocking-timeout"
    }
  ],
  "note": "Aggregated from this incident's linked evidence rows — only domains, ASNs, and blocking methods the evidence literally records are shown, with the per-item evidence count.",
  "sources": [
    "censoredplanet",
    "ioda"
  ],
  "top_asns": [
    {
      "asn": "AS135411",
      "evidence_count": 2
    }
  ],
  "top_domains": [
    {
      "domain": "medium.com",
      "evidence_count": 1
    },
    {
      "domain": "reddit.com",
      "evidence_count": 1
    }
  ]
}
What this record cannot establish

Measurements alone do not attribute an event to a government, ISP or another actor, and do not establish intent. An outage or anomalous result can have several explanations.

The country label is an aggregation scope. It is not a census of every network, city or service. Regional or ASN fields belong to their individual source evidence and should not be expanded into a national claim.

The source observation window and evidence timestamps do not prove an exact start and stop of blocking.

Signal definitions, baseline rates and model versions depend on the source. This record does not establish a common baseline or calibrated certainty. Use the source’s specific signal definition and evaluation before interpreting a score.

Inspect measurement coverage

Cite this incident

Take the record
with you.

Use the permanent published URL.
The original source title is preserved.

BibTeX ↓RIS ↓Markdown ↓JSON ↓Full citation page →

The record over time.

Created
2026-04-12 16:58:24.853742 · timezone unspecified
Last updated
2026-06-15 06:00:05.501633 · timezone unspecified
Revision
3
Revision history and original fields

Revision-history array unavailable.

Canonical ID: BD-2026-0066. Source ID: BD-2026-0066. Hash ID: 0fe0227794cf.

Additional source duration field: 21.8333 hours. It is retained separately from the minutes field and does not establish a verified event duration.

Complete source JSON
{
  "affectedAsns": [
    "AS135411"
  ],
  "affectedDomains": [
    "medium.com",
    "reddit.com"
  ],
  "affectedServices": [
    "Medium",
    "Twitter/X"
  ],
  "anomalyRate": 0.016127130679233333,
  "attribution": {
    "asns_attributed": 2,
    "domains_attributed": 2,
    "methods": [
      {
        "evidence_count": 5,
        "method": "outage"
      },
      {
        "evidence_count": 2,
        "method": "http-blocking-timeout"
      }
    ],
    "note": "Aggregated from this incident's linked evidence rows — only domains, ASNs, and blocking methods the evidence literally records are shown, with the per-item evidence count.",
    "sources": [
      "censoredplanet",
      "ioda"
    ],
    "top_asns": [
      {
        "asn": "AS135411",
        "evidence_count": 2
      }
    ],
    "top_domains": [
      {
        "domain": "medium.com",
        "evidence_count": 1
      },
      {
        "domain": "reddit.com",
        "evidence_count": 1
      }
    ]
  },
  "confidence": 0.7,
  "corroboration": {
    "description": "Corroborated by 2 sources: censoredplanet, ioda",
    "evidenceCount": 7,
    "level": "medium",
    "score": 0.8,
    "sourceCount": 2,
    "sources": [
      "censoredplanet",
      "ioda"
    ]
  },
  "country": "BD",
  "countryName": "Bangladesh",
  "createdAt": "2026-04-12T16:58:24.853742",
  "description": "IODA detected significant connectivity drop in Bangladesh. 5 critical alerts recorded. CenAlert confirms censorship activity.",
  "duration": 1309,
  "durationHours": 21.8333,
  "endTime": "2026-03-16T22:50:00Z",
  "evidence": [
    {
      "asn": null,
      "blockingMethod": null,
      "confidence": 0.65,
      "continent": "Asia",
      "countryCode": "BD",
      "domain": null,
      "domainCategory": null,
      "id": 25887314,
      "kind": "alert",
      "linkConfidence": 0.8,
      "linkReason": "Same country and date, critical level IODA alert",
      "observedAt": "2026-03-16T22:50:00Z",
      "probeNodeId": null,
      "regionCode": "352",
      "retrievedAt": "2026-04-12T16:58:23.962327",
      "riskTier": 2,
      "signalBaseline": 358,
      "signalLevel": "critical",
      "signalType": "outage",
      "signalValue": 0.0111731843575419,
      "source": "ioda",
      "sourceRef": "ioda:alert:bgp:region:352:1773701400",
      "sourceUrl": "https://ioda.inetintel.cc.gatech.edu/country/BD",
      "unSubregion": "Southern Asia",
      "upstreamCause": null,
      "upstreamClaim": "IODA detected critical level outage for Khulna",
      "upstreamSeverity": "critical"
    },
    {
      "asn": null,
      "blockingMethod": null,
      "confidence": 0.65,
      "continent": "Asia",
      "countryCode": "BD",
      "domain": null,
      "domainCategory": null,
      "id": 25887306,
      "kind": "alert",
      "linkConfidence": 0.8,
      "linkReason": "Same country and date, critical level IODA alert",
      "observedAt": "2026-03-16T21:55:00Z",
      "probeNodeId": null,
      "regionCode": "357",
      "retrievedAt": "2026-04-12T16:58:23.962327",
      "riskTier": 2,
      "signalBaseline": 145,
      "signalLevel": "critical",
      "signalType": "outage",
      "signalValue": 0.013793103448275862,
      "source": "ioda",
      "sourceRef": "ioda:alert:bgp:region:357:1773698100",
      "sourceUrl": "https://ioda.inetintel.cc.gatech.edu/country/BD",
      "unSubregion": "Southern Asia",
      "upstreamCause": null,
      "upstreamClaim": "IODA detected critical level outage for Rangpur",
      "upstreamSeverity": "critical"
    },
    {
      "asn": null,
      "blockingMethod": null,
      "confidence": 0.65,
      "continent": "Asia",
      "countryCode": "BD",
      "domain": null,
      "domainCategory": null,
      "id": 25887189,
      "kind": "alert",
      "linkConfidence": 0.8,
      "linkReason": "Same country and date, critical level IODA alert",
      "observedAt": "2026-03-16T03:25:00Z",
      "probeNodeId": null,
      "regionCode": "355",
      "retrievedAt": "2026-04-12T16:58:23.962327",
      "riskTier": 2,
      "signalBaseline": 134,
      "signalLevel": "critical",
      "signalType": "outage",
      "signalValue": 0.022388059701492536,
      "source": "ioda",
      "sourceRef": "ioda:alert:bgp:region:355:1773631500",
      "sourceUrl": "https://ioda.inetintel.cc.gatech.edu/country/BD",
      "unSubregion": "Southern Asia",
      "upstreamCause": null,
      "upstreamClaim": "IODA detected critical level outage for Sylhet",
      "upstreamSeverity": "critical"
    },
    {
      "asn": null,
      "blockingMethod": null,
      "confidence": 0.65,
      "continent": "Asia",
      "countryCode": "BD",
      "domain": null,
      "domainCategory": null,
      "id": 25887185,
      "kind": "alert",
      "linkConfidence": 0.8,
      "linkReason": "Same country and date, critical level IODA alert",
      "observedAt": "2026-03-16T02:10:00Z",
      "probeNodeId": null,
      "regionCode": "355",
      "retrievedAt": "2026-04-12T16:58:23.962327",
      "riskTier": 2,
      "signalBaseline": 134,
      "signalLevel": "critical",
      "signalType": "outage",
      "signalValue": 0.022388059701492536,
      "source": "ioda",
      "sourceRef": "ioda:alert:bgp:region:355:1773627000",
      "sourceUrl": "https://ioda.inetintel.cc.gatech.edu/country/BD",
      "unSubregion": "Southern Asia",
      "upstreamCause": null,
      "upstreamClaim": "IODA detected critical level outage for Sylhet",
      "upstreamSeverity": "critical"
    },
    {
      "asn": null,
      "blockingMethod": null,
      "confidence": 0.65,
      "continent": "Asia",
      "countryCode": "BD",
      "domain": null,
      "domainCategory": null,
      "id": 25887180,
      "kind": "alert",
      "linkConfidence": 0.8,
      "linkReason": "Same country and date, critical level IODA alert",
      "observedAt": "2026-03-16T01:00:00Z",
      "probeNodeId": null,
      "regionCode": "356",
      "retrievedAt": "2026-04-12T16:58:23.962327",
      "riskTier": 2,
      "signalBaseline": 459,
      "signalLevel": "critical",
      "signalType": "outage",
      "signalValue": 0.010893246187363835,
      "source": "ioda",
      "sourceRef": "ioda:alert:bgp:region:356:1773622800",
      "sourceUrl": "https://ioda.inetintel.cc.gatech.edu/country/BD",
      "unSubregion": "Southern Asia",
      "upstreamCause": null,
      "upstreamClaim": "IODA detected critical level outage for Rajshahi",
      "upstreamSeverity": "critical"
    },
    {
      "asn": 135411,
      "blockingMethod": null,
      "confidence": 0.8214285714285714,
      "continent": "Asia",
      "countryCode": "BD",
      "domain": "medium.com",
      "domainCategory": "NEWS",
      "id": 13400683,
      "kind": "http-probe",
      "linkConfidence": 0.8,
      "linkReason": "CenAlert event for same country and date range",
      "observedAt": "2026-03-16T00:00:00Z",
      "probeNodeId": null,
      "regionCode": null,
      "retrievedAt": "2026-03-17T15:47:00.908331Z",
      "riskTier": 2,
      "signalBaseline": null,
      "signalLevel": "elevated",
      "signalType": "http-blocking-timeout",
      "signalValue": 0.5714285714285714,
      "source": "censoredplanet",
      "sourceRef": "censoredplanet:hyperquack:HTTP:BD:medium.com:2026-03-16",
      "sourceUrl": "https://data.censoredplanet.org",
      "unSubregion": "Southern Asia",
      "upstreamCause": null,
      "upstreamClaim": "HTTP blocking (timeout): 4/7 probes blocked (57.1%) for medium.com",
      "upstreamSeverity": null
    },
    {
      "asn": 135411,
      "blockingMethod": null,
      "confidence": 0.8214285714285714,
      "continent": "Asia",
      "countryCode": "BD",
      "domain": "reddit.com",
      "domainCategory": "GRP",
      "id": 13400692,
      "kind": "http-probe",
      "linkConfidence": 0.8,
      "linkReason": "CenAlert event for same country and date range",
      "observedAt": "2026-03-16T00:00:00Z",
      "probeNodeId": null,
      "regionCode": null,
      "retrievedAt": "2026-03-17T15:47:00.908331Z",
      "riskTier": 2,
      "signalBaseline": null,
      "signalLevel": "elevated",
      "signalType": "http-blocking-timeout",
      "signalValue": 0.5714285714285714,
      "source": "censoredplanet",
      "sourceRef": "censoredplanet:hyperquack:HTTP:BD:reddit.com:2026-03-16",
      "sourceUrl": "https://data.censoredplanet.org",
      "unSubregion": "Southern Asia",
      "upstreamCause": null,
      "upstreamClaim": "HTTP blocking (timeout): 4/7 probes blocked (57.1%) for reddit.com",
      "upstreamSeverity": null
    }
  ],
  "evidenceCount": 7,
  "evidenceSourceBreakdown": {
    "censoredplanet": 2,
    "ioda": 5
  },
  "evidenceSpan": {
    "earliest": "2026-03-16T00:00:00Z",
    "latest": "2026-03-16T22:50:00Z"
  },
  "flag": "🇧🇩",
  "generated_at_utc": "2026-09-20T09:05:47.927853Z",
  "hashId": "0fe0227794cf",
  "id": "BD-2026-0066",
  "incidentType": "mixed",
  "measurementCount": 5,
  "mechanism": "Infrastructure outage",
  "readableId": "BD-2026-0066",
  "reportUrl": "https://api.voidly.ai/data/incidents/0fe0227794cf/report?format=markdown",
  "revision": 3,
  "severity": "critical",
  "severityGrade": "A",
  "sources": [
    "ioda",
    "censoredplanet"
  ],
  "startTime": "2026-03-16T01:00:00Z",
  "status": "active",
  "title": "Internet connectivity disruption in Bangladesh",
  "updatedAt": "2026-06-15T06:00:05.501633"
}
All Bangladesh incidents

Related records are unavailable for this source check.

Related records come from up to 100 recent records in the same country. They do not establish a causal connection.

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