Voidly
All findingsPublished research

The confirmed-block map is a measurement map: why Africa shows zero

Aggregate Voidly's confirmed national blocks by world region and you get a striking table: Asia 1,545, Europe 891, the Americas 29, Africa and Oceania ZERO. The tempting read — 'Africa barely censors' — is wrong. The confirmed-block map is not a censorship map, it's a measurement-density map. The…

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Aggregate Voidly's confirmed national blocks by world region and you get a striking table: Asia 1,545, Europe 891, the Americas 29, Africa and Oceania ZERO. The tempting read — 'Africa barely censors' — is wrong. The confirmed-block map is not a censorship map, it's a measurement-density map. The contradiction is in Africa's own row: a 0.60 block fraction across 28 countries and 4,600+ measurements (blocking is plainly observed) yet zero CONFIRMED national blocks. A confirmed national block requires a domain seen blocked across >=3 independent networks (ASNs) in a country — a gate that keeps one flaky vantage point from being mistaken for nationwide censorship, but can only confirm what is densely measured. Where a country is probed from only one or two networks, a very real block never reaches three ASNs, so it stays an unconfirmed signal. Asia and Europe top the table partly because they're the most censored — but also the most heavily measured (dense coverage across many networks per country). Africa and Oceania sit at zero not because their internet is free, but because the multi-network coverage needed to confirm a block at the three-ASN bar isn't there yet. Read confirmed-block counts as a floor on what we can prove, never a ranking of how censored a region is — the blind spots are blind spots, not freedom. An observatory that let '0 confirmed' read as '0 censorship' would erase exactly the regions with the least measurement infrastructure. So Voidly reports block fraction + country coverage alongside the confirmed count, and is widening density: the probe network recently expanded from a 62-domain default to the full Citizen Lab list across dozens of global vantage points. Live: /v1/measurement/by-region.

Under review. This finding cites Voidly's national blocklist layer, which is under review: it let false positives through in open countries (its withheld build covered 2026-09-20 to 2026-10-04) and is being rebuilt with a stricter rule. The figures below are kept as published; do not cite them as current block counts. Why these figures are held ↗

Aggregate Voidly's confirmed national blocks by world region and you get a striking-looking table: Asia 1,545, Europe 891, the Americas 29, and Africa and Oceania at zero. The tempting read — “Africa barely censors the internet” — is wrong, and understanding why is the whole point of running an honest observatory. The confirmed-block map is not a censorship map. It is a measurement-density map.

The numbers

RegionCountries measuredBlock fractionConfirmed national blocks
Asia460.851,545
Europe310.73891
Americas220.3029
Africa280.600
Oceania50.000

Africa blocks plenty — it just can't be confirmed

Look at the contradiction in Africa's own row: a 0.60 block fraction across 28 countries and 4,600+ measurements — blocking is plainly being observed — yet zero confirmed national blocks. That is not a paradox; it is the confirmation standard doing its job too well for the data available. A “confirmed national block” requires a domain to be seen blocked across at least three independent networks (ASNs) in a country. That gate exists to keep one flaky vantage point from being mistaken for nationwide censorship (see the detection-gate finding). But it has a price: it can only confirm what is densely measured. Where a country is probed from only one or two networks, a very real block never reaches three ASNs, so it stays an unconfirmed signal — not a confirmed block.

The map you're really looking at

Asia and Europe top the confirmed-block table partly because they are the most heavily censored regions — but also because they are the most heavily measured, with dense OONI/probe coverage across many networks per country. Africa and Oceania sit at zero not because their internet is free, but because the multi-network coverage needed to confirm a block at the three-ASN bar isn't there yet. Read the confirmed-block counts as a floor on what we can prove, never as a ranking of how censored a region is. The blind spots are blind spots, not freedom.

Why this matters — and what we're doing about it

A censorship observatory that quietly let “0 confirmed” read as “0 censorship” would systematically erase exactly the regions with the least measurement infrastructure — often the ones that can least afford to be invisible. So Voidly reports the block fraction and the country coverage right alongside the confirmed count, and it is actively widening measurement density: the probe network recently expanded from a 62-domain default to the full multi-thousand-domain Citizen Lab list across dozens of global vantage points. More networks per country is the only thing that turns an unconfirmable African block into a confirmed one. Until the coverage is even, treat the regional confirmed-block map as a measurement map — because that is what it is. Live data: GET /v1/measurement/by-region.

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